Lone Parenting Social

Lone Parenting Social Definition The issue of lone parenting is quite clearly one that is of significant importance and impact in the modern social context. It is also one that has different viewpoints, which are important to recognise in the context of this report. While the actual term of ‘lone parenting is a given, it is important to understand the various views which are taken in order to address this problem. For example, ‘New Labours social policy towards lone parents is generally governed by the attitudes epitomised in the mantras â€Å"reforming welfare around the work ethic† and funding a system that â€Å"believes in empowerment not dependency† (Millar and Rowlingson, 2001, p xv). This quite obviously conflicts with the view which was held by previous governments, which is said to maintain the view that poverty is â€Å"relieved by cash handouts† (DSS, 1998, p 19). It is also said that the differences between these two viewpoints epitomises the differing views of ‘old Labour and ‘new Labour (Millar and Rowlingson, 2001, p xv), and also highlights the shift between the welfare state policy to a more capitalist approach to addressing the lone parenting issue. Main Issues Given the discussion of the United Kingdoms approach to lone parenting, it might be relevant to compare these provisions with those of other jurisdictions. Take, for example, New Zealand which categorises ‘solo parents as: (a) A woman who is the mother of one or more dependent children and who is living apart from, and has lost the support of, or is being inadequately maintained by, her husband: (b) An unmarried woman who is the mother of one or more dependent children: (c) A woman whose marriage has been dissolved by divorce and who is the mother of one or more dependent children: (e) A woman who is the mother of one or more dependent children and who has lost the regular support of her husband because he is subject to a sentence of imprisonment and is- (i) serving the sentence in a penal institution; or (ii) subject to release conditions or detention conditions (as those terms are defined in section 4(1) of the Parole Act 2002) that prevent him undertaking employment: (f) A man who is the father of one or more dependent children whose mother is dead or who for any other reason are not being cared for by their mother (Social Security Act 1964 (NZ), s 27B(1)). Arguably, in consideration of the above, it is clear that the New Zealand social security system is geared more towards caring for a woman who may be a lone parent, as opposed to a father. It might also be noted, however, that social security benefits are only paid to lone parents in New Zealand if the parent is of the minimum age of sixteen (16) years, unless emergency circumstances exist (Social Security Act 1964 (NZ), s 27B(2)). Compare this situation to that across the Tasman Sea in Australia, where the Australian Bureau of Statistics has recorded a three-fold increase in lone parenting families in the last thirty (30) years, from 7.1% in 1969 to 21.4% in 1999 (ABS census). However given this increase, it might also be worthwhile to note that lone parenting in Australia remains at lower levels than other English-speaking countries, but still higher than some countries in continental Europe (Millar and Rowlingson, 2001, p 61). Further to this, it has generally been the attitude of Australian governments to extend social security benefits to all classes of lone parenting families, irrespective of the cause of the lone parenting situation (Millar and Rowlingson, 2001, p 65). Around 47% of lone mothers were employed in 1999 and around 63% of lone fathers, and approximately 9% of both lone mothers and lone fathers were unemployed (ABS, June 1999). This perhaps symbolises a non-dependency on the welfare system, a nd that lone parents in Australia generally try to work at least part-time to supplement their welfare incomes and provide for their family. Key Dilemmas The key dilemma that has been the recurring theme throughout this paper is the need to balance income support and welfare with the need for non-dependence on the welfare system. There is a conscientious push by governments in the above countries to not encourage reliance upon welfare handouts and to push these people to seek active employment, but also recognises the various situations of lone parents who may be unable to work full time for any number of reasons. The United Kingdom obviously recognises this problem in a social context, and took steps to address it though social policy reform. Some say that this was a more ‘heavy handed approach to the social problem, and this argument may have some merit given the approaches of other countries. New Zealand prescribes certain circumstances where welfare can be paid, and Australia has a more liberal approach to the welfare system, however all of these approaches seem to function appropriately in their individual contexts. Conclusion In consideration of the above points, it is quite clear that lone parents are a significant social problem. However, the more prominent problem is that of how to address the issue. It is quite clear that the United Kingdom has a more recent history of reforming social policy on this issue and limiting the distribution of welfare benefits. Is this the most appropriate course of action? Some would suggest no, given the experience of other countries. However, regard needs to be had for the statistics: approximately one in four of Britains seven million families are headed by a lone parent, and less than four in ten lone parents in Britain work full time (which is a piecemeal 16 hours a week statistically) (Millar and Rowlingson, 2001, p 11). This only serves to fuel the debate further, and one needs to consider the legislative and policy-based approach of the United Kingdom in context before judgement on this issue can be passed. Bibliography Books Millar, J., and Rowlingson, K. (eds), Lone Parents, Employment and Social Policy (2001), Bristol: The Policy Press Journal Articles Hughes, J., ‘Lone Parents and Social Security (2005) 36 Victoria University Wellington Law Review 1 Soley, C., ‘Lessons of the Lone Parenting Battle (1997) 126 New Statesman. Legislation Social Security Act 1965 (NZ) Social Security Act 1991 (AU, Cth) Other Sources Australian Bureau of Statistics, June 1999 Australian Bureau of Statistics, census 1969 and 1999 DPI, census 1999

Managing Multinational Strategic Alliances of Airlines

The study will be performed using qualitative and quantitative methods using structured interviews and survey instruments. Redshaw (2007) reiterates that not all questions are theory based. She further argues that quite concrete practical questions can be addressed without placing the study in one of the theoretical frameworks and the methods of qualitative enquiry stand on their own as reasonable ways of fining what is happening in human settings. Carnall (1990) has pointed out that quantitative analysis is more likely to be secondary and exploratory (or descriptive) in nature, summarising data in the form of charts, tables, percentages and averages. Diefenbach (2007) has suggested that when a survey is carried out, the data obtained would mostly be categorical, hence is likely to be ranked across a scale. This data might be represented in terms of frequency, central tendency or dispersion. It is highly unlikely the research might require the necessity of inferential data analysis. The survey instruments included multiple sets of Questionnaire and these can be regarded more as quantitative research. As suggested by Bordens (et all, 2005), a properly designed instrument allows for the research to be valid, reliable and accurate. According to Bordens, questionnaire is used in instances where a general interrelation between different variables is studied, ‘in situ’, meaning that there is no attempt to find out how changing one variable would effect the other. The questionnaires are of multiple-choice questions and scoring has been done as per the Liker 5 point scale. Please refer to Appendix. Table 1. Scoring System for Questionnaire 1  Ã‚   (Trochim, 2006). For the study, a number of primary and secondary sources have been used and these include published literature, websites, company financial reports, interviews with key people and others. Respondents for the survey would be identified as per their role and job functions. References Bordens, Kenneth S., & Abbott, B. (2005). Research design and methods: a process approach. (6th ed.). New York; McGraw-Hill Carnall, C A (1990) Managing Change in Organizations, Prentice Hall, London Diefenbach Thomas (2007), The managerialistic ideology of organisational change management, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 20 (1), pp: 126-137 Redshaw Sue, Mandable Terence E, (July 2007), Managing the people side of major change at WMATA, Journal of Strategic Communication Management, Volume 11, Issue 4, pp: 28-32 Trochim William M.K. (2006). Liker Scaling. Retrieved 17 January 2008 from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/scallik.php                           

Sex Trafficking; Modern Day Slavery

eSasha Gibson Kristy Weiberg English Comp II December 10, 2010 Sex-Trafficking: Modern Day Slavery Human trafficking in the United States is a reality. What have in do the things child labor, forced sex, forced marriage, and forced labor have in common? The first words that come to mind are Human Trafficking, a modern day form of slavery. Terrible activities of human trafficking are happening in several countries around the world. However, this kind of activity also happens in industrialized countries.According to the department of state of the United States of America government, human trafficking also happens inside the walls of United States. As claimed by the Polaris Project, â€Å"an estimated 17,500 foreign nationals are trafficked annually in the United States alone. The number of US citizens trafficked within the country is even higher. An estimated 200,000 american children are at high risk of trafficking into the sex industry each year. † And the biggest human traffi cking in the US (domestic and transnational trafficking brought into the US) is sex trafficking.But, why is this modern slavery happening, even in the most industrialized countries, like the United States? The prinicpal reasons most people will think is poverty and inquity. However, according to the Polaris Project even if these reason are good driving forces, they aren’t the prinicipal reasons why human trafficking does happen. There’s a market for modern slavery, and this market is lucrative. Also, there’s no real danger of prosecution for the traffickers.Even if human trafficking is present inside the United States, the US government has created a series of laws, to comply to the minumim of requirements for the elimination of trafficking. Aggressive laws against human trafficking continue to be voted by the Congress, like the new law against sexual explotation of children by sex traffickers. This law will give a supplement of 45 million dollars to law enforce ment and victim-assistance effort. In prevention, the United States does try to cut n commerical sex and cheap labor, to cut the grass under the feet of human traffickers, as well as they do law enforcement in critical industry areas, and finally to educate the public. However, even if these measures are really important and efficient the problem continues to strike. As long as there is a demand, and the demand is global, human trafficking will continue. According to the U. S Department of Health and Human Services, there are many emotional, physical and psychological repercussions due to the sex slave trade.Children as young as six years old are being trafficked on a daily basis. Young girls are being made to do 10-20 â€Å"tricks† a day. Many will never be able to have children because of the extensive damage to their vaginal areas. Disease is also a common factor. Sexually transmitted diseases run rampant in the sex slave trade. Girls as young as six years old have herpes, syphilis, HIV, among other diseases. Many are used until it is discovered they have HIV and become to sick with the disease to work any longer.Then are released and thrown into the streets. According to CBS News, poverty stricken families in third world countries will sometimes drastic measures to prevent starvation, even sell their young children for sex. Thousands of children every year are sold into the sex slave trade by parents or other family members. Family members have stated that they had no choice, some of them had no other means of getting food for their children. The United States is the lowest ranked human trafficking country in the world, for now.The sex slave trade is growing all over the world and the U. S is no different. Thousands of sex slaves are trafficked into the U. S every year and that number is growing according to the U. S Department of Education. Although the problem with the sex trade seems too big for anyone to make a real difference, there are many or ganizations out there who are offering hope to these victims, such as Abolish Slavery and Not For Sale. These organizations are dedicated to ending the sex slave trade all over the orld. Their belief is that if we band together and stand up for what is right, the sex slave trade will be abolished.Works Cited Gore, Martha R. â€Å"Sex Trafficking in the United States: Enslavement into Prostitution A Billion Dollar Growing Industry. † Suite101. com: Online Magazine and Writers' Network. Martha R Gore, 28 Dec. 2008. Web. 10 Dec. 2010. http://www. suite101. com/content/human-trafficking-in-the-united-states-a86817. Gagnon, Donald. The Reality of Human Trafficking in the United States. † Suite101. com: Online Magazine and Writers' Network. Donald Gagnon, 29 June 2010. Web. 10 Dec. 2010. http://www. suite101. com/content/the-reality-of-human-trafficking-in-the-united-states-a253902. â€Å"Human Trafficking of Children in the United States-A Fact Sheet for Schools. † U. S. Department of Education. U. S. Department of Education, 10 Sept. 2009. Web. 10 Dec. 2010. http://www2. ed. gov/about/offices/list/osdfs/factsheet. html.

Patent and IPR Solutions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1155 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Uncategorized Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Patent and IPR Solutions We offer a whole gamut of Patent and IPR services tailored according to the specific needs of Corporates, lawfirms, Universities, SMEs, Individual inventors and Research (either this should show the complete sentence à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ research scientistsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  or stop at inventors). Patent Research Our approach has been carefully shaped to take advantage of our unique combination of strategic insight, deep industry expertise and technology. /Patent and IPR Solutions/Patent Research/ Patentability Search Our patentability searches helps in assessing the likelihood for securing patent protection for your inventive idea. Our patentability search involves searching the prior art, which includes published patent applications, issued patents, and any other published documents in light of your invention, with the aim of determining whether your patent application is worth pursuing based on the patentability aspects of th e inventive concept. The basic purpose of a patentability search is to better assess the likelihood of securing patent protection for an invention. This search answers the questions like your idea is truly novel or not, has it already been patented, has it been anticipated or rendered obvious.Since the cost of preparing, filing and prosecuting or attempting to prosecute a patent application is substantial, the search suggests will it be worth the cost to file a patent at all for the idea and will it be worth the effort and expense to fully develop and market your concept. This search not only makes the application process easier but also helps to strengthen the invention against issues of validity.The search report includes relevant patent and non-patent prior art references listed in a comprehensive manner. Patent search is conducted using public and subscribed patent databases that cover patents from around the globe. Non-patent literature search is conducted in the relevant technology domain using scientific databases. Patent and IPR Solutions/Patent Research/ State-of-art Search Our prior art searches will help you to make informed decision in relation to your patent strategies. Our State of the Art Search is designed to provide up-to-date information and progress in a specific technical field. It is the broadest of all patent searches which also provides an overall perspective of a particular technical field and is typically conducted prior to making a patent application, or prior to amendment of an existing patent application. 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A Research Study On Lgbt Parenting - 2421 Words

Breanni Anderson Social Psychology November 13, 2014 Research Paper LGBT parenting (YAY OR NAY!) This research paper I provide facts, studies about lesbian parenting, and homosexual parenting being just as accurate as heterosexual parenting. I also explain how lesbian marriage acceptance is the first step to a great parenting for a child. A key factor that can help financially, mentally, and socially. Within our own community acceptance most people are prejudice to those who don’t follow the norm. In this essay I provide facts of pure rejection and overcoming, stories told by those who lived with LGBT parents, and studies proving that there is no true difference in the parenting and in some cases the LGBT parent can be better. A famous†¦show more content†¦For a period of time a lot of other homosexual couples applied for the marriage license but all came to the same defeat. Even though marriage was prohibited for almost 30 more years after these incidents Vermont’s high court provided the benefits to homosexual couples through the Vermont’s civil program in 2000. Still not recognize as a legal opportunity provided by the state the â€Å" marital segregation† stopped when Massachusetts offered same sex marriage licenses. Most of the community didn’t like the fact of homosexuality being supported in their homeland. After Massachusetts kindness and support homosexuals took a hard hit in 2004 when thirteen states banned them from getting married. â€Å" The issue pits left against right and, perhaps more significant, odd against young: Americans over age forty-four oppose same sex marriage by a decisive majority, but a plurality of Americans under age thirty support it.â €  A problem this big on marriage has not come to pass since the states were at odds over interracial marriage. Not only is it a civil rights issue but there is a wonder if same sex couple’s can raise a child. In the census of 2000, 599,000 same sex couples live together and within that the estimate of children 166,000. One of the problems is that the child to mostly one of theirs or only one of them gave birth to it. One of the pros above same sex marriage would reflect on others to support marriage

Hybrid Model of Crisis Essay - 1389 Words

Hybrid Model of Crisis Introduction Monique Reed, Veretta Smith, Crystal Castro, and Quincee Burks BSHS/445 April 3, 2015 Alysha Mccuistion Hybrid Model of Crisis Introduction A crisis is said to be difficult to cope with, and it comes from a past or present event an individual may be dealing with. This can cause the individual to lose focus on life, depression, and intolerable difficulty wanting to do anything. An individual will have difficulty completing present and future goals if they do not have the right resources and support to assist them with moving on. This paper will demonstrate how Human services professionals use Hybrid model of crisis intervention to help lead their client in the right positive direction. Human service†¦show more content†¦However there are times when informational support is needed. Crisis interventionists are warned to take caution when attempting to deescalate tensed situations and is why safety is the default task. Task number four is examining alternatives. Often times as far as the client is concerned there is no other way to handle the situation and they need to be provided with only a few realistic opportun ities that could help them see things differently. Much like task number four planning in order to reestablish control is task number five in which the worker explores possibilities with the client such as family, friends as well as human service professionals they have been in contact with who can be used to turn the situation around. Task six obtaining commitment serves as a confirmation to both the worker and client as to each other’s responsibilities in the matter. Following up is vital to those who have experienced a crisis and have no or very limited social support and keeps the worker informed of their progress and is usually done in hours or days (James, R, Gilliland, B, 2013). How hybrid model of crisis intervention is illustrate Predisposition: This is the first facet of the hybrid model in the video the counselors initiate contact by welcoming Geri into the office and letting her feel in control by letting her vent herShow MoreRelatedHybrid Automobile Technology Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagesanswer is not a simple one, for there are many factors which act as driving forces in this case. First, it is important to examine why the development of an electric, pollution-free vehicle, or at the very least the continuing development of hybrid gas-electric vehicles is a desirable goal. The worlds population is continuing to expand at a very fast rate in many developing nations. As these nations become more industrialized, their desire for automobiles, and thus oil, will increase. 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Dells Working Capital Business Case free essay sample

A different way to calculate the DSI: Average Inventory / (Annual Cost of Goods Sold / 365) DSI of 1994: (220. 000. 000+293. 000. 000/2) / (2440. 000. 000/365) = 38 DSI of 1995: (293. 000. 000+429. 000. 000/2) / (2737. 000. 000/365) = 48 Question 5: KennisInzichtToepassen xx 10 punten Please motivate why Dell probably used the following formula for calculating their DSI? Question 6: KennisInzichtToepassen xxx 20punten In the case is mentioned â€Å"As new technology replaced old, the prices of components fell by an average of 30% per year† (page 2). What would be the inventory loss for Dell for 1995, if they would operated at the DSI level from Compaq? (please show the full calculation and formula’s used) Question 7: KennisInzichtToepassen xx 20punten Please motivate how Dell’s working capital policy was a competitive advantage. Dell used its working capital policy as a competitive advantage by reducing the amount of WIP and finished goods inventory in its system. As a result of maintaining a minimum amount of inventory, Dell reduced its need for inventory financing, warehousing and inventory control. Dell kept its accounts payable (A/P) account to a minimum volume by waiting until the customers order was received before placing the â€Å"release† order with their suppliers. We will write a custom essay sample on Dells Working Capital Business Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Dell’s suppliers were all located very close to Dells manufacturing plants, and made daily deliveries to Dell based on just-in-time delivery. By not receiving the parts until the last minute, Dell kept both its inventory and its accounts payable to a minimum. On the sales side, Dell took orders directly from consumers who normally pay with a credit card online, or over the phone. Because Dell waited until they received the order from the customer to start building the computer, Dell kept the CCC (cash conversion cycle to a minimum). If Dell were to operate at Compaq’s DSI level, we estimate that Dell would have to increase its 1995 inventory from $293m to $668m, which is an increase of $375 million. This would mean that Dell would have needed to invest in $668 million in inventory. I believe that the main reason that Dell was able to maintain such a low level of inventory compared to their competition has a direct result of their competitive strategy to maintain a minimum level of inventory. From Dells perspective, there is a competitive advantage to maintaining a low level of inventory in case of a technology change. Because they have less WIP and FG inventory, Dell is better positioned to take advantage of quickly changing technology (processors, for example). If technology were to reduce 30% of the inventory value, Dell would be better off with a lower quantity of inventory which has to be written down. If the inventory were based on Compaq’s DSI number ($668m in inventory), then the write off would need to be $112 more. (30% of $668-$293). On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to having a low level of inventory on hand, as was shown by Dell in 1996 when they indicated that sales could have been higher if they would have had additional inventory in stock. Sometimes you might have to forfeit sales if you keep your inventory level too low, and can not deliver quick enough to your customers. Dell’s competitve advantage 1)Conversation of capital due to lower inventory holding Compactdell DSI in 957332 Cost of sales of dell in 95 = 2736 m Additional inventory at compaq’s DSI = 2737 * 73-32 / 360 = 312 milion 2) Reduced obsolescence risk and lower inventory cost Component cost can reduce by 30% a year as new technology is introduced. †¢Inventory as % of COS – Dell (8. 9%) and Compaq (20. 3%) †¢Inventory loss due to 30% reduction in price – Dell (2. 7%) and Compaq (6. 1% of COS) †¢Comparative increase in profit in Dell in 96 = $2. 7 billion *(6. 1%-2. 7%) = $93 million 3)Quicker adoption of new technology †¢Dell’s low inventory levels resulted in fewer obsolete components as technology changed. †¢While Compaq had to market both new and older systems due to high levels of inventory, Dell could offer new and faster systems quickly due to low inventory and build-to-order models. Sources used: